intactus Latin · revision 31082

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *th₂g-to-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪnˈtaːk.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [inˈtak.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''intāctus''' (feminine intācta, neuter intāctum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|in-|t=not]] and ⟨tāctus⟩, the past participle of [[m|la|tangō|t=to touch]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces the participle to [[itc-pro|*tagto-]] and [[ine-pro|*th₂g-to-]], from the root of [[grc|τεταγών|tr=tetagṓn|t=having seized]] and [[got|𐍄𐌴𐌺𐌰𐌽|tr=tēkan|t=to touch]]; its long ⟨ā⟩ is due to Lachmann's law.^(de Vaan 2008) The older formation of the same meaning is [[integer]], from [[itc-pro|*ntagro-|t=untouched]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Lucretius as its first author,^(Köbler 2010) and the OLD's examples begin with Cicero, who says that the citadel of Rome remained safe and untouched (''incolumis atque intācta'').^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is untouched, and so undamaged, food uneaten, and wealth not plundered (Horace).^(OLD 2012) Of living beings it is unhurt, as Sallust's “no one escaped unscathed”, of peoples unconquered, as Horace's Briton, and of women virgin, as Virgil's Dido.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also untouched in reputation (Caelius' Hortensius had reached old age without a hiss), unaffected by something, and unused or untried, of land never tilled and oxen never yoked.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “inviolate, untouched, untried”.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|intact]] (mid-15th century) comes from it.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a city left unharmed.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of men unscathed.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of a virgin bride and of untried woods.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-15th century – English [[m|en|intact]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Not touched, untouched.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Physically undamaged; uneaten; not plundered.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Unhurt, [[m|en|unscathed]], ''(of peoples)'' unconquered.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(of women)'' [[m|en|virgin]], chaste.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Unharmed in reputation.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Unaffected (by); unimpaired, whole.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Unused, untried, ''(of land)'' untilled, ''(of oxen)'' never yoked.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tangō]]

+ * [[integer]]

+ * [[en|intact]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The OLD also records a rare noun ''intāctus'', -ūs, “intangibility”, in Lucretius,^(OLD 2012) a line that Lewis and Short call an interpolation.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}