abrumpo Latin · revision 31070

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *Hrewp-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [abˈrʊm.poː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [abˈrum.po]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''abrumpō''' (present infinitive abrumpere, perfect active abrūpī, supine abruptum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|ab-|rumpō|t1=away|t2=to break]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces ⟨rumpō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*runp-|t=to break]] and the nasal present [[ine-pro|*Hru-n-p-]] of a root [[m|ine-pro|*Hrewp-]], and compares [[ang|rēofan|t=to break, tear]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan gives Ennius as its first author.^(de Vaan 2008) In the ''Annals'' a horse breaks its tether in its high spirits (''vincla … abrūpit'').^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to break a bond or fetter, and to burst apart, as Virgil's clouds torn open by lightning.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is to break something continuous, to break off short, as Livy's cliff sheared off by a landslide, to tear off branches (Ovid), and to cut off a piece of land.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is to cut short an action or condition, as a marriage in Catullus, to break away from a cause, as Cicero's legion that left Antony's banditry, and to violate a law, as Virgil's “he breaks all that is right”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis and Short note it is mostly poetic and rare before Augustus.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “loosen, separate, break”.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|abrupt]] (1580s) comes from its past participle ⟨abruptus⟩, “broken off, steep”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of a horse breaking its bonds.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a legion breaking with Antony.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus of a marriage cut short.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of bursting clouds and broken law.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of a sheer cliff.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1580s – English [[m|en|abrupt]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To break (a bond); ''frēnōs abrumpere'', to throw off all restraint.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To burst apart, tear open; to [[m|en|rupture]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To break off short; to tear off, [[m|en|sever]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To cut short, put an end to.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' To break away (from a cause).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To break, [[m|en|violate]] (a law).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abruptiō]]

+ * [[inabruptus]]

+ * [[abruptē]]

+ * [[abruptus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[rumpō]]

+ * [[en|abrupt]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}