annual English · revision 3107

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1382, Wycliffe Bible|origins=la annus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈæn.ju.əl/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|annuel]],^(Hoad 1986)^(MWU 2024) [[bor|fro|annuel|t=yearly]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) or a learned borrowing [[der|la-lat|annuālis]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) a blend or alteration of Latin annuus and annālis “yearly”,^(MWU 2024)^(Barnhart 1988) both from [[m|la|annus|t=year]].^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) Etymonline takes annus to Proto-Italic *atno- and a root [[ine-pro|*at-|t=to go]], the year being “that which goes around”,^(Etymonline) and Merriam-Webster compares Gothic aþnam “years”.^(MWU 2024) The same Latin word is the source of [[annals]], [[anniversary]], [[annuity]] and [[perennial]].^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ “Of or belonging to the year, reckoned by the year”: 1382, in Wycliffe's Bible,^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988) the late 14th century;^(Etymonline) occurring once a year is from about 1400.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The noun first meant a mass said yearly on the anniversary of a person's death, from about 1400.^(Etymonline) A plant that lives for only one year is from the 1680s, and a book published yearly by the same period.^(Etymonline) The idea of a yearbook recording the events of the past year arose in the early 16th century.^(Cresswell 2021) The adjective's sense “recurring once every year” is from 1548,^(OED 1989) and ''annual general meeting'' is a later phrase.^(OED 1989) Johnson (1755) defined it as “that which comes yearly”.^(Johnson 1755)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1382 – reckoned by the year.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1400 – occurring once a year; noun, a yearly mass.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1548 – recurring every year.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1680s – an annual plant; a yearly publication.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Happening or done once every [[year]]; yearly.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # Calculated over a year: ''annual income''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # Of a plant: living for only one year or season.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A plant that completes its life cycle in one growing season.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # A book or [[periodical]] published once a year.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[annually]]

+ * [[annualize]]

+ * [[biannual]]

+ * [[circannual]]

+ * [[semiannual]]

+ * [[triannual]]

+ * [[interannual]]

+ * [[annual ring]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[biennial]]

+ * [[perennial]]

+ * [[annals]]

+ * [[anniversary]]

+ * [[annuity]]

+ * [[annum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}