perfundo Latin · revision 31069

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰew-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɛrˈfʊn.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [perˈfun.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''perfundō''' (present infinitive perfundere, perfect active perfūdī, supine perfūsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|per-|fundō|t1=through, thoroughly|t2=to pour]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces ⟨fundō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*χunde/o-]] and a nasal present [[ine-pro|*ǵʰu-n-d-|t=to pour]], from the root of [[grc|χέω|tr=khéō|t=to pour]] and [[sa|जुहोति|tr=juhóti|t=pours, sacrifices]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's examples begin with Cicero's ''Verrines'', where Philodamus is drenched with boiling water,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Lucretius, whose rising sun floods everything with its light.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to pour through, and above all to pour over, wet or drench; in the passive it is to bathe, as Varro's oxen that drink and bathe in a pond, and of liquids to bathe the body, as Virgil's sweat breaking out over the limbs.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is used of rivers flowing through a land, of gilding a roof (Seneca), of light and colour spreading over things, and of sand strewn over fields.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is to fill or imbue with a feeling, as Cicero's orator who suffused his hearers' minds with charm rather than broke through them.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “pour over, moisten, anoint; fill with apprehension”.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|perfuse]] (early 15th century) comes from its past participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of sunlight spreading over things.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a man drenched with boiling water.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of cattle bathing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of gilding roofs.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English [[m|en|perfuse]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To pour (through).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To pour over, wet, [[m|en|drench]], ''(passive)'' to [[m|en|bathe]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(of rivers, the sea)'' To flow through or over; to coat, overlay; to suffuse (with light, colour).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To strew, cover (with sand or the like).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To fill, [[m|en|imbue]] (with a feeling).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' To anoint.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[perfūsiō]]

+ * [[perfūsor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fundō]]

+ * [[cōnfundō]]

+ * [[effundō]]

+ * [[en|perfuse]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}