patiens Latin · revision 31061

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=itc-pro *pati-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''patiēns''' (genitive patientis, comparative patientior, superlative patientissimus); third-declension one-termination adjective^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the present participle of [[m|la|patior|t=to suffer, endure]], used as an adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*pati-]] for the verb and finds its origin unclear: a link with [[grc|πῆμα|tr=pêma|t=suffering]] leaves the formation unexplained, and a root [[ine-pro|*pet-|t=to fly, fall]] is another possibility.^(de Vaan 2008) The TLL gives [[grc|μακρόθυμος|tr=makróthumos|t=long-suffering]] as its Greek equivalent.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Plautus as its first author.^(Köbler 2010) In the ''Trinummus'' the Syrians are called the hardiest race of men (''genus quod patientissimumst hominum'').^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ With the genitive it is able or willing to endure something, as Cicero's mind patient of hardships, and of things able to bear, as Livy's river that will not carry ships, or open to an influence.^(OLD 2012) Without it, it is hardy, able to endure hardship, of things durable, as Propertius' woman harder than Sicilian rock, and of temper long-suffering, tolerant or patient, as Cicero's speaker thought too patient and slow.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “patient, long-suffering”.^(Stelten 1995) In medieval Latin the noun ''patiēns'' was a sick person, a patient.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a hardy race.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a mind able to bear hardship and of patience.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of a river able to carry ships.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Able to endure, submissive (to); ''(of things)'' able to bear; open (to an influence).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # [[m|en|hardy|alt=Hardy]], enduring, ''(of things)'' durable.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Long-suffering, tolerant, [[m|en|patient]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin, noun)'' A sick person.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[patior]]

+ * [[patientia]]

+ * [[passiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}