abnuo Latin · revision 31058

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *new-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈab.nu.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈab.nu.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''abnuō''' (present infinitive abnuere, perfect active abnuī, supine abnuitum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Ennius has forms of a second-conjugation ''abnueō''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)

+ Sallust has the future participle ''abnuitūrus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|ab-|t=away]] and the verb ⟨-nuō⟩ “to nod”, found only in compounds, so literally “to nod away, refuse by a nod”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan traces ⟨-nuō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*nowe/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*new-e/o-|t=to nod]], with [[grc|νεύω|tr=neúō|t=to nod, beckon]] and [[sga|as·noí|t=promises]].^(de Vaan 2008) The noun [[m|la|nūmen|t=nod; divine will]] is from the same verb.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan gives Plautus as its first author.^(de Vaan 2008) In the ''Captivi'' a parasite asks his friends “where are we dining?” and they shake their heads (''abnuont'').^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is first a gesture, to throw back the head in refusal, and so in Virgil Jupiter's ban on Italy fighting the Trojans.^(OLD 2012) It is then to refuse or decline to do something, as Sallust's weary soldiers refusing every task and Cicero's “I do not refuse, I do not decline”, to reject an offer, to disown a name, and to deny an assertion or one's guilt (Cicero, Tacitus).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also to refuse to grant, as a meeting not refused, in Livy.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “deny, refuse by nod of the head, reject”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of shaking one's head.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius has the form ''abnueō''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of refusing and denying.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of soldiers refusing duties.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of Jupiter's prohibition.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To shake one's head, signal refusal; to forbid.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To [[m|en|refuse]], decline (to do something).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To reject (an offer); to disown.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To [[m|en|deny]] (an assertion, one's guilt).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To refuse to grant.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abnuitiō]]

+ * [[abnūtīvus]]

+ * [[abnutō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[adnuō]]

+ * [[nūtō]]

+ * [[nūmen]]

+ * [[negō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Its opposite is [[adnuō]], “to nod assent”.^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}