excusatio Latin · revision 31055

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=120–67 BC, Sisenna|origins=la causa}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛk.skuːˈsaː.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ek.skuˈs̬at.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''excūsātiō''' ''f'' (genitive excūsātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''excussātiō''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|excūsō|-tiō|t1=to excuse]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ⟨Excūsō⟩ is [[m|la|ex-|t=out of]] and [[m|la|causa|t=cause, case]]; de Vaan lists it among the derivatives of ⟨causa⟩, whose origin is unclear: Walde–Hofmann connected it with [[m|la|cūdō|t=to strike]], while Ernout–Meillet doubted any Indo-European origin.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Cicero as its first author,^(Köbler 2010) but the OLD has it already in Sisenna's history, of a man pleading his case and excuse before the consul.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the offering of an excuse or a justification, as Cicero's excuse for a fault, and a plea to be excused from a duty, above all a public one, Cicero says a man thought no excuse could be right when he was called to defend the state.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In law, as in Ulpian, it is exemption from a burden such as a guardianship, and in Seneca the act of excusing or indulgence.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “excuse, justification, dispensation”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 120–67 BC – Sisenna of an excuse offered to a consul.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of excuses and of pleas to be excused.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of indulgence.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 223 AD – Ulpian of exemption from guardianship.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An [[m|en|excuse]], [[m|en|justification]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A plea to be excused (from a duty).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(law)'' [[m|en|exemption|alt=Exemption]], immunity, ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' a [[m|en|dispensation]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Excusing, indulgence.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[excusatiuncula]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[excūsō]]

+ * [[causa]]

+ * [[pūrgātiō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes [[pūrgātiō]], clearing oneself by showing a charge to be groundless, from ''excūsātiō'', admitting a wrong but pleading circumstances that lessen it.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}