commuto Latin · revision 31045

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=itc-pro *moito-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kɔmˈmuː.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [komˈmuː.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''commūtō''' (present infinitive commūtāre, perfect active commūtāvī, supine commūtātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|con-|mūtō|t2=to change, exchange]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan explains ⟨mūtō⟩ from a noun [[itc-pro|*moito-|t=object of exchange]], also behind [[m|la|mūtuus|t=lent, mutual]], and gives two possible sources, [[ine-pro|*moyth₂-o-]] from the root of [[m|la|mittō]] or another root for “to exchange”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan gives Plautus as its first author.^(de Vaan 2008) In the ''Mercator'' a father asks his son why his colour has changed.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to change more or less completely, a road or a drain in a law, a person's fortune (an old tragic poem), one's course, as Cicero's sailor who changes course to reach port, and a person's outlook.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Plautus it is to change for the worse, to replace, as a name, and to move one's home, Cato uses it of moving oil dregs from vat to vat.^(OLD 2012) It is also to exchange, barter, as Cicero's exchange of books, ''verba commūtāre'' to exchange words, and to transform, as Plautus' Mercury, “I am a god, I will change it”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “change, substitute”.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|commute]] (mid-15th century) first meant to change one thing into another.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of change and exchange.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of moving oil dregs.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of nature changing all things.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of changing course and exchanging books.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-15th century – English [[m|en|commute]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To change wholly, [[m|en|alter]]; to change (a person's views).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To change for the worse.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To replace; to change (one's abode); to shift.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To [[m|en|exchange]], [[m|en|barter]], ''verba commūtāre'', to converse.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|transform]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[commūtābilis]]

+ * [[commūtātiō]]

+ * [[commūtātus]]

+ * [[incommutatus]]

+ * [[commūtātē]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dēmūtō]]

+ * [[ēmūtō]]

+ * [[immūtō]]

+ * [[mūtō]]

+ * [[permūtō]]

+ * [[submūtō]]

+ * [[trānsmūtō]]

+ * [[mūtuus]]

+ * [[en|commute]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}