subsum Latin · revision 31043

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₁es-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈsʊp.sũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈsub.sum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''subsum''' (present infinitive subesse, perfect active subfuī, future active participle subfutūrus); irregular conjugation, suppletive, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle, no gerund^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''supsum''.^(OLD 2012)

+ The perfect ''suffuī'' is recorded only by Festus.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|sub-|sum|t1=under|t2=to be]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨sum⟩ to [[itc-pro|*es-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₁es-|t=to be]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has it of something latent: in the ''Mostellaria'' a man is to be paid “so that there may be no excuse underneath” (''nē qua causa subsiet'').^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to be underneath, as Virgil's black tongue under the palate, to lie at the foot of a hill or by the sea, as Ovid's grove below the Aventine, and to be close at hand.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is to be under the surface, as a wound beneath the skin, and of feelings and conditions to be latent; to underlie or form the basis of something, as the meaning that lies under a word (Varro); and in Cicero, of estates, to serve as security.^(OLD 2012) In Cicero it is also of a day that is near, as the day of the elections.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “be under, near, at hand, underlie”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a latent excuse.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of an underlying meaning.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a day at hand and of security.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of a tongue under the palate.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To be under or below; to lie at the foot (of).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To be beneath the surface, ''(of feelings)'' to be latent.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|underlie]], form the basis (of); ''(law)'' to serve as [[m|en|security]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To be near, at hand, ''(of times)'' to be approaching.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sum]]

+ * [[adsum]]

+ * [[īnsum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}