gurges Latin · revision 31041

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=c. 180–102 BC, Lucilius|origins=ine-pro *gʷerh₃-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɡʊr.ɡɛs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɡur.d͡ʒes]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''gurges''' ''m'' (genitive gurgitis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is perhaps [[inh|ine-pro|*gʷerh₃-|t=to devour]], in a reduplicated form; this is the root of [[m|la|vorō|t=to devour]] and [[grc|βάραθρον|tr=bárathron|t=pit]], but de Vaan and Wiktionary call the formation unclear, as is that of [[m|la|gurguliō|t=gullet]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short compare [[m|la|gula|t=throat]] and [[m|la|vorāgō|t=abyss]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan, Köbler and the OLD give Lucilius as its first author, of the salt flood of the sea and, figuratively, of the glutton Gallonius: ''ō gurges Gallōnī''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a swirling mass of water, an eddy or whirlpool, as Cicero's Charybdis that swallows such floods, and in a weaker sense, mostly in poetry, the waters of a river or sea.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively it is a glutton or spendthrift, already in Lucilius, and became a Roman surname, as Fabius Gurges.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “stream, whirlpool, raging abyss, waters”.^(Stelten 1995) In medieval Latin it also meant a weir.^(Niermeyer 1976) The TLL notes its continuation in [[it|gorgo]] and [[fro|gourt]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius of the sea and of a glutton.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of whirlpools.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 67–c. 127 AD – Juvenal of Fabius Gurges.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|whirlpool]], eddy; an abyss.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(poetic)'' The waters, flood, sea.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A [[m|en|glutton]], spendthrift.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|weir]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ēgurgitō]]

+ * [[ingurgitō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gurguliō]]

+ * [[vorō]]

+ * [[vorāgō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes [[vorāgō]] and [[barathrum]], an abyss in water, from [[vertex]] and ''gurges'', which suppose water in rotation, a whirlpool.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}