funditus Latin · revision 31039

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *bʰudʰnó-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''funditus''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|fundus|t=bottom]] with the adverbial suffix [[m|la|-itus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan traces ⟨fundus⟩ to [[itc-pro|*fundo-]] and [[ine-pro|*bʰudʰnó-|t=bottom]], with metathesis of the nasal, and compares [[sa|बुध्न|tr=budhná-|t=bottom]], [[grc|πυθμήν|tr=puthmḗn|t=bottom]] and [[ang|botem]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan gives Plautus as its first author.^(de Vaan 2008) In the ''Bacchides'' a young man cries to his friend “you have utterly ruined me” (''perdidistī mē … funditus'').^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is “from the foundations”, of buildings and cities razed to the ground, as the monument of Scipio that Verres utterly destroyed (Cicero), of plants and hair pulled out by the roots (Phaedrus), and of things rising from the depths (Lucretius).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lucretius also uses it for “at the bottom”.^(OLD 2012) Most often it means “utterly, completely”, with words of ruin and removal, and also in other contexts, as Ennius' household gods who care for the house entirely.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “completely, utterly, totally, from the foundation”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of utter ruin.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of complete care.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of “from the depths”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a monument razed.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # From the [[m|en|foundation|alt=foundations]]; by the roots; from the depths.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # At the bottom.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|utterly|alt=Utterly]], completely, entirely.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fundus]]

+ * [[fundāmentum]]

+ * [[radīcitus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}