quoad Latin · revision 31037

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la quō, la ad}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈkʷo.ad]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈkʷɔː.ad]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''quoad''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+ Lucretius and Horace scan it as one syllable.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ Varro and inscriptions have ''quaad'', and an inscription has ''quōd''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a compound of [[m|la|quō|t=where, to which]] and [[m|la|ad|t=to, up to]],^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) that is ⟨ad quod⟩, “up to which”.^(Wiktionary) ⟨Quō⟩ is the ablative of the relative [[m|la|quī|t=who, which]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*kʷoi]] and [[ine-pro|*kʷo-]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Plautus as its first author.^(Köbler 2010) In the ''Asinaria'' a slave greets his master “as loudly as my strength allows” (''quoad vīrēs valent'').^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As an interrogative it is “how far? to what extent?” (Lucretius) and “by what time?”, as Terence's “when do you expect your old man?”.^(OLD 2012) As a relative it is “as far as”, of distance (Livy's pursuit as far as the infantry could follow) and of degree, as in Plautus.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In time it is “as long as”, as an epitaph's “while I lived I bore my fortune”, and above all “until”, as Cicero's “until the senate was dismissed”, with the subjunctive “until such time as”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “how far, how long; as far as, as long as”.^(Stelten 1995) In medieval Latin it was also a preposition with the accusative, “with regard to”.^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of “as far as”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of “by what time?”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of “how far?”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of “until”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # ''(interrogative)'' How far? to what extent? by what time?^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # As far as; to the degree that, insofar as.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # As long as, while.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # [[m|en|until|alt=Until]], till.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Preposition===

+ # ''(Medieval Latin, with accusative)'' With regard to.^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[quoadusque]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quō]]

+ * [[ad]]

+ * [[dōnec]]

+ * [[dum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}