fremo Latin · revision 31033

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *bʰrem-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈfrɛ.moː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈfrɛː.mo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fremō''' (present infinitive fremere, perfect active fremuī, supine fremitum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*freme/o-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*bʰrem-e/o-|t=to hum, rumble]], though the exact shape of the root is not certain.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[cy|brefu|t=to bleat, roar]] and [[gmh|brimmen|t=to roar]], and perhaps [[grc|βρέμω|tr=brémō|t=to roar]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan gives Ennius as its first author,^(de Vaan 2008) who has “the rain of Neptune roared” in the ''Annals''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to make a deep, continuous sound, of the sea, wind and missiles, of angry animals, as Lucretius' growling dogs baring their teeth, of crowds, as Virgil's Cretans and Dryopes thronging the altars, and of places resounding with noise.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of people it is to grumble or protest, as Cicero's “let them all grumble, I'll say what I think”, or to shout approval.^(OLD 2012) With an object it is to clamour for something, as Accius' Argives demanding war, to mutter against, and to declare indignantly, as Arrius complaining that the consulship had been snatched from him (Cicero).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “rage, roar, clamor, shout”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of roaring rain.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius of clamouring for war.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of growling dogs.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of grumbling and indignant complaint.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of thronging crowds.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|roar]], rumble, hum, growl; to resound.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To grumble, protest; to shout (approval).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|clamour]] for; to mutter against.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To declare indignantly.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[affremō]]

+ * [[circumfremō]]

+ * [[cōnfremō]]

+ * [[dēfremō]]

+ * [[fremibundus]]

+ * [[fremidus]]

+ * [[fremitus]]

+ * [[fremor]]

+ * [[īnfremō]]

+ * [[perfremō]]

+ * [[fremebundus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[strepō]]

+ * [[murmurō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}