prae Latin · revision 31032

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=280/260–before 200 BC, Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *préh₂i}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈprae̯]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈprɛː]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prae''' (+ ablative)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*prai|t=before]], [[inh|ine-pro|*préh₂i|t=before]], perhaps a locative.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[osc|prai|t=before]] and [[xum|pre|t=before]], and with [[grc|παραί|tr=paraí|t=beside]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short compare [[sa|प्र|tr=pra-|t=before]] and [[grc|πρό|tr=pró|t=before]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan gives Livius Andronicus as its first author:^(de Vaan 2008) in his ''Odyssey'' Ulysses' heart froze for fear (''prae pavōre'').^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As a preposition with the ablative it is first “in front of”, as Lucilius' men carrying great fish before them, and ''prae manū'' “at hand”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is “before” in rank or regard, as Plautus' Amphitruo, who would not have it said that he put his wife before the state, and ''prae sē ferre'' is to display or declare openly (Cicero).^(OLD 2012) It is “in comparison with”, as Plautus' “she is a little ape compared with her”, and “because of, under the pressure of”, of a feeling that prevents something, as in Livius Andronicus.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) As an adverb it means “in front, ahead”, and as the prefix [[prae-]] it marks position in front, priority or a high degree.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “before, in front, in preference”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus of fear preventing.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of comparison and preference.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius of “in front of”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of ''prae sē ferre''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Preposition===

+ # ''(with ablative)'' In front of, before, ''prae manū'', at hand.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Before (in rank or regard); ''prae sē ferre'', to display, declare openly.^(OLD 2012)

+ # In comparison with.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Because of, owing to (a feeling or circumstance that prevents).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # In front, ahead.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[praeceps]]

+ * [[praeut]]

+ * [[prae-]]

+ * [[praeter]]

+ * [[praeeō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[prior]]

+ * [[prō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}