exsolvo Latin · revision 31029

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la solvō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛksˈsɔɫ.woː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eksˈsɔl.vo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exsolvō''' (present infinitive exsolvere, perfect active exsolvī, supine exsolūtum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''exolvō''.^(OLD 2012)

+ Lucretius and Ovid scan the ⟨u⟩ as a vowel (''exsolŭātur'', ''exsolŭisse'').^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|ex-|solvō|t1=out|t2=to loosen, pay]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan analyses ⟨solvō⟩ as a compound of ⟨*se-⟩ “away” and [[m|la|luō|t=to loosen]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan gives Plautus as its first author.^(de Vaan 2008) In the ''Amphitruo'' it is to undo a casket (''exsolve cistulam''), and in the ''Bacchides'' a man asks to be quickly untied.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to unfasten or loosen, to open the veins (Tacitus), to thaw ice (Lucretius), and in Lucretius also to solve a problem.^(OLD 2012) It is to set free from bonds, difficulties or obligations, as Terence's “I will free myself of this suspicion”, and to put an end to something, as Ovid's long hunger broken.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is to discharge a vow or promise, to pay money or a penalty, as Velleius' man who paid for his bad plans, and to award rewards and punishments (Livy).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “pay back, restore, present; loose”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of untying and of paying vows.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of freeing oneself from suspicion.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of thawing ice.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of awarding rewards and punishments.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To unfasten, loosen, [[m|en|untie]]; to open (the veins); to thaw.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To set free, [[m|en|release]] (from bonds, obligations).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To put an end to.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To perform, discharge (vows, promises).^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To pay (a debt, a penalty); to award (rewards, punishments).^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[solvō]]

+ * [[absolvō]]

+ * [[dissolvō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}