piger Latin · revision 31020

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=itc-pro *pigro-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈpɪ.ɡɛr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈpiː.d͡ʒer]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''piger''' (feminine pigra, neuter pigrum, comparative pigrior, superlative pigerrimus); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*pigro-|t=inactive]], beside [[m|itc-pro|*pigē-|t=to fill with revulsion]], the source of [[m|la|piget|t=it irks]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) The further origin is unknown.^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD compares [[non|feikn|t=crime]], [[ang|fācen|t=treachery]] and [[sa|पिशुन|tr=piśuna-|t=slanderous]], and Köbler a root [[ine-pro|*peyǵ-|t=hostile]], but de Vaan thinks the Germanic words belong to another root.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler give Plautus as its first author.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) In the ''Mostellaria'' a worthless master lives with a lazy household (''cum pigrā familiā'').^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is sluggish or torpid, of animals (Lucretius' bleating flocks), of still, barren country (Horace's “sluggish fields” where no tree is refreshed), and of conditions, as Pacuvius' sluggish old age.^(OLD 2012) Of things it is slow-moving, motionless, as Ovid's Daphne's foot held fast by roots, or slow to act, as Columella's remedies.^(OLD 2012) Of people it is lazy, idle, and in Livy unwilling, disinclined to something.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “lazy, slothful”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a lazy household.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius of sluggish old age.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of torpid sheep.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of a people averse to military work.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|sluggish|alt=Sluggish]], torpid, inactive.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Slow-moving; motionless, [[m|en|inert]]; slow to take effect.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|lazy|alt=Lazy]], [[m|en|slothful]], idle.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Unwilling, reluctant, averse.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[impiger]]

+ * [[pigrēdō]]

+ * [[pigreō]]

+ * [[pigror]]

+ * [[pigritia]]

+ * [[pigrō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[piget]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}