saucius Latin · revision 30989

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=280/260–before 200 BC, Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *ksou-ó-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈsau̯.ki.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈsaːu̯.t͡ʃi.us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''saucius''' (feminine saucia, neuter saucium, comparative magis saucius, superlative maximē saucius); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain: the OLD marks it doubtful and Köbler calls it unknown.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan follows Vine, for whom it is [[inh|itc-pro|*(k)sawo-|t=wound]], from [[ine-pro|*ksou-ó-|t=scraping]]: a noun derived from it meaning “a scrape, wound”, with the suffix ⟨-io-⟩ and /ow/ unrounded to /aw/, would give ⟨saucius⟩.^(de Vaan 2008) The root is that of [[sa|क्षुर|tr=kṣurá|t=razor]], [[grc|ξύω|tr=xúō|t=to scrape, plane]] and [[lt|skùsti|t=to plane]], and Vine also compares [[xum|sauitu]], a harmful act named in a curse.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler give Livius Andronicus as its first author, in a tragedy: ''ipsus sē in terram saucius fligit cadēns'', “wounded, he dashes himself to the ground as he falls”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is wounded, and as a noun a wounded man, common in military language (Caesar).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It extends to other distress, as Silius' famished sea monster, to things pierced or torn, as Horace's mast struck by the south-west wind, and in Seneca to being tipsy rather than fully drunk.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is stricken with an emotion, above all love, as Ennius' Medea wounded by fierce love, harmed in fortune or reputation, and of faculties impaired.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “wounded, hurt, injured”.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin uses it of wounded people and in figurative contexts.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus of a wounded man.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of Medea wounded by love.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of people ruined in fortune.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of the wounded in battle.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of being tipsy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|wounded|alt=Wounded]], hurt;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''(as a noun)'' a wounded man.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Suffering, distressed (from other causes).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of things)'' Pierced, torn.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|tipsy|alt=Tipsy]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Stricken (with love or another emotion); damaged (in fortune or reputation); impaired.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[saucietas]]

+ * [[sauciō]]

+ * [[semisaucius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sauciātiō]]

+ * [[vulnus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}