munimentum Latin · revision 30987

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=itc-pro *moini-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [muː.niːˈmɛn.tũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [mu.niˈmɛn.tum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mūnīmentum''' ''n'' (genitive mūnīmentī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Ennius has the archaic form ''moenīmentum''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|mūniō|t=to fortify]] with the suffix [[m|la|-mentum]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) The verb, older ⟨moeniō⟩, comes from [[m|la|moenia|t=city walls]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*moini-|t=protective wall]] and perhaps [[ine-pro|*(H)moi-ni-|t=construction]], a root meaning “to fix, build”; he also allows a link with [[m|la|mūnus|t=duty]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Ennius as its first author, and Lewis and Short note his archaic spelling ''moenīmentum''.^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a defensive work or fortification, as Sallust's camp with a light rampart, a siegework in Livy, and in Hyginus a fortress.^(OLD 2012) By transfer it is any protective wall or covering, as Columella's hedges, or a barrier, and figuratively a safeguard: in Sallust a king counts on his army, wealth and the bulwarks of his kingdom.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short note that Cicero does not use it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it is also a charter, a written title.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius.^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of a rampart and of the bulwarks of a kingdom.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of a siegework.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella of protective hedges.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|fortification]], defensive work, rampart; a siegework; a fortress.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A protective wall or covering; a barrier.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A [[m|en|safeguard]], [[m|en|bulwark]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|charter]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[mūnīmen]]

+ * [[mūniō]]

+ * [[mūnītē]]

+ * [[mūnītiō]]

+ * [[mūnītiuncula]]

+ * [[mūnītō]]

+ * [[mūnītor]]

+ * [[mūnītrix]]

+ * [[mūnītūra]]

+ * [[mūnītus]]

+ * [[moenia]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}