ardens Latin · revision 30983

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *h₂eh₁s-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ārdēns''' (genitive ārdentis); third declension; comparative ārdentior, superlative ārdentissimus^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the present participle of [[m|la|ārdeō|t=to burn]], used as an adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan derives the verb from [[m|la|āridus|t=dry]], from [[m|la|āreō|t=to be dry]], which goes back to [[itc-pro|*ās-ē-|t=to be dry]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂eh₁s-eh₁-|t=to be dry]], cognate with [[xto|asatär|t=dries up]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Ennius, ''Annals'': ''Nox … stellīs ārdentibus apta'', “Night set with blazing stars”; a tragedy of his speaks of burning eyes.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is shining or flaming, of stars, of bright red colours and of blazing eyes.^(OLD 2012) It is fiercely hot, as Ovid's fifth, burning zone, and of fevers burning, of food hot to the taste and of wine fiery (Celsus).^(OLD 2012) Of people it is eager or ardent, as Catullus' young bridegroom, and of feelings and actions intense, passionate or fierce: Cicero speaks of a man seeking death with more ardent zeal, and of a more fiery delivery.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “flaming, burning, ardent”, with the adverb ''ārdenter''.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of blazing stars and eyes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus of an ardent young man.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of ardent zeal.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of the burning zone.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus of a burning fever.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Shining, [[m|en|flaming]], gleaming;^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995) ''(of red)'' bright;^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995) ''(of eyes)'' blazing.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Fiercely hot, burning;^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995) ''(of fever)'' burning;^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995) ''(of wine)'' fiery.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Eager, zealous, [[m|en|ardent]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(of feelings, actions)'' Intense, [[m|en|passionate]]; fierce.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ārdeō]]

+ * [[ārdor]]

+ * [[āreō]]

+ * [[āridus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}