pol Latin · revision 30982

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=clipping|attested=280/260–before 200 BC, Livius Andronicus|origins=grc Πολυδεύκης}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈpɔɫ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈpɔl]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pol''' (interjection)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a shortened form of the name of [[m|la|Pollūx]], the divine twin of Castor, used in oaths; the TLL allows that it may continue an older form of the name, and notes Wackernagel's view that it is a vocative.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ⟨Pollūx⟩ comes, through Etruscan, from [[grc|Πολυδεύκης|tr=Poludeúkēs]].^(Köbler 2010)^(Wiktionary) The longer oath [[m|la|edepol]] contains it.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it in tragedy only in Livius Andronicus and Ennius, whose speaker says ''pol mihi fortūna magis nunc dēfit quam genus'', “by Pollux, I now lack fortune more than birth”.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is an oath that strengthens a statement, “by Pollux!, truly!”, and belongs to comedy, where Plautus and Terence use it often.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) It is common in replies, agreeing or contradicting: asked whether he is not ashamed, a husband in Plautus answers ''pol'', if nothing else he is ashamed of his wife.^(TLL) It joins other affirming words, as ''pol profectō'', ''certē pol'', ''sānē pol'' and ''pol vērō''.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Outside comedy it is rare: once each in Ennius' ''Annals'' and Cicero's ''De oratore'', twice in Horace's ''Epistles''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus in tragedy.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, often, in replies.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace, twice in the ''Epistles''.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Interjection===

+ # By [[m|en|Pollux]]!, truly!, indeed!^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[edepol]]

+ * [[Pollūx]]

+ * [[mēcastor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}