ferreus Latin · revision 30978

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la ferrum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈfɛr.re.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈfɛr.re.us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ferreus''' (feminine ferrea, neuter ferreum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|ferrum|-eus|t1=iron]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan takes ⟨ferrum⟩ as a loanword from an unidentified source, possibly a Phoenician dialect, comparing the Phoenician and Syriac words for “iron”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Ennius as its first author, whose ''Annals'' have ''fit ferreus imber'', “a shower of iron falls”, of weapons;^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) Plautus has iron nails.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is made of iron, and in poetry of weapons;^(OLD 2012) ''manus ferrea'' and ''lupus ferreus'' are grappling irons.^(OLD 2012) It is of the colour or hardness of iron, and ''saecula ferrea'' or ''aetās ferrea'' is the Iron Age, as in Tibullus.^(OLD 2012) Of buildings it is iron-barred, and of cavalry ironclad (Sallust).^(OLD 2012) By transfer it is hard-hearted (Cicero: I am not so iron as not to be moved by a brother's grief), cruel, untiring, as Virgil's voice of iron, inflexible, of fate, and shameless, as Cicero's “iron face” of Piso.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “made of iron, iron”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of iron nails.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of a shower of weapons.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a hard heart and a brazen face.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of an untiring voice.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 55–19/18 BC – Tibullus of the Iron Age.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Made of [[m|en|iron]];^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''(poetic)'' consisting of weapons.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Of iron (in colour or hardness); of the [[m|en|Iron Age]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Iron-barred; ironclad.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Hard-hearted, cruel; [[m|en|untiring|alt=untiring]]; [[m|en|inexorable]]; brazen.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ferrāmentārius]]

+ * [[ferrāmentum]]

+ * [[ferrāria]]

+ * [[ferrārius]]

+ * [[ferrātus]]

+ * [[ferrūgināns]]

+ * [[ferrūgineus]]

+ * [[ferrūgo]]

+ * [[ferrum]]

+ * [[ferrūmen]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}