exhaurio Latin · revision 30972

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=120–67 BC, Sisenna|origins=ine-pro *h₂ews-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛkˈsau̯.ri.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eɡˈzaːu̯.ri.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exhauriō''' (present infinitive exhaurīre, perfect active exhausī, supine exhaustum); fourth conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Seneca has the future participle ''exhausūrus''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ Manuscripts often spell it without ''h''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|ex-|hauriō|t2=to draw (water)]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces ⟨hauriō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*aus-je-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂eus-ie/o-|t=to scoop]], cognate with [[non|ausa|t=to scoop]] and [[grc|αὔω|tr=aúō|t=to fetch a light]], whose sense narrowed to fire; its initial ⟨h⟩ may be a false addition.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the ''Histories'' of Sisenna men sweat out the old wine by the fire.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to draw off a liquid, and to drink up, as Cicero's Antony with his gullet full of wine.^(OLD 2012) It is to take out or clear away, as Caesar's soldiers digging out earth with their hands and cloaks, and to empty, as Virgil's drained udder and Ovid's nearly empty quiver.^(OLD 2012) It is to use up resources, strength or time, and to drain a person or a place of goods or men, as Verres stripped a host's house, or Livy's Latins drained by ten years of service.^(OLD 2012) It is also to exhaust physically, to see a war through to its end, to carry out a commission (Cicero: to do all I asked), and to wipe out, as a plague no war could end.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short find it classical mostly in the transferred senses.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “exhaust, empty out, end, remove”.^(Stelten 1995) English ''exhaust'' (1530s) comes from its past participle ''exhaustus''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 120–67 BC – Sisenna of drawing off liquid.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of drinking up, stripping a house and carrying out a commission.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of digging out earth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of draining an udder and of wars seen through.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1530s – English [[m|en|exhaust]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To draw off (a liquid); to drink up.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To take out, clear away.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|empty]], drain; to hollow out.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To use up, [[m|en|exhaust]] (resources, strength, time).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To strip, [[m|en|impoverish]]; to deplete (of men).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To weaken, wear out.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To see through to the end; to carry out (a task).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To wipe out, finish off.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exhaustō]]

+ * [[inexhaustus]]

+ * [[exhaustus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dehauriō]]

+ * [[hauriō]]

+ * [[perhauriō]]

+ * [[haustus]]

+ * [[en|exhaust]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}