secus Latin · revision 30966

+ {{homograph|1|sex}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=c. 100 BC, Sempronius Asellio}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''secus''' ''n'' (indeclinable)^(Wiktionary)

+ It is found only in the nominative and accusative.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The noun is related to [[m|la|sexus|t=sex]], of which it seems the older formation, although the older texts have only ⟨sexus⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan considers a link with [[m|la|secō|t=to cut]], as “a division”, but finds the formation unclear.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Sempronius Asellio, ''Histories'': ''eum quem virīle secus tum in eō tempore habēbat'', of the male sex he then had.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is one sex, or its members as a group, mostly in apposition after a noun of number, like ''id genus'': ''virīle ac muliebre secus'', “of the male and female sex”, in Sisenna, Sallust, Livy and Tacitus.^(OLD 2012) Livy counts about ten thousand free persons of the male sex taken at New Carthage.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 100 BC – Sempronius Asellio.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 120–67 BC – Sisenna of men and women on a wall.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of captives of the male sex.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of besieged of both sexes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|sex]], [[m|en|gender]]; its members as a group (''virīle secus'', males, ''muliebre secus'', females).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ {{homograph|2|otherwise}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=inherited|attested=280/260–before 200 BC, Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *se-ḱwo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈsɛ.kʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈsɛː.kus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''secus''' (comparative sequius, no superlative)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The adverb has two explanations.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The older one, followed by the OLD, takes it from the root of [[m|la|sequor|t=to follow]], as an old participle “following”, so “later, less well”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) In the view of Klingenschmitt, which de Vaan follows, it is [[inh|itc-pro|*sekʷos|t=separate]], from [[ine-pro|*se-ḱwo-|t=by itself, separate]], with the prefix [[m|la|sē-|t=apart]] and a suffix as in [[sa|विश्व|tr=víśva|t=all]]; this fits its cognates [[sga|sech|t=past; without]] and [[cy|heb|t=without]], which a sense “following” does not explain.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan gives Livius Andronicus, Naevius and Plautus as its first authors.^(de Vaan 2008) In Plautus' ''Captivi'' a man says ''hoc sī secus reperiēs'', “if you find this otherwise”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means “otherwise, differently”, often implying “badly”: Cato tells his hearers to see how differently he acted.^(OLD 2012) ''Haud secus'', “just so”, resumes after a simile, as Virgil's Arruns slinks off like a wolf, and ''nōn secus ac'' or ''quam'' is “not otherwise than”: Cicero did not speak otherwise than he felt.^(OLD 2012) It also means “amiss, contrary to what was wished” (Cicero: even if things turned out badly), and ''paulō secus'' “not far off”.^(OLD 2012) Its comparative is ''sequius'', “less well, differently”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) In inscriptions it is a preposition, “beside, along” and “in accordance with”, and Charisius reports a sense “after”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “otherwise, not so, differently, later”, and rarely as a preposition “by, beside, along, near”.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin uses the preposition for “along, near, beside” and “in accordance with”.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus in the sense “otherwise”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of acting differently.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of things turning out badly.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil: ''haud secus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|otherwise|alt=Otherwise]], differently;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''nōn secus ac'', just as.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Amiss, badly, contrary to what is wished.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''paulō secus'', nearly, not far off.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ===Preposition===

+ # ''(with accusative)'' Beside, [[m|en|along]]; in accordance with.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[altrīnsecus]]

+ * [[circumsecus]]

+ * [[extrīnsecus]]

+ * [[forīnsecus]]

+ * [[intrīnsecus]]

+ * [[utrimquesecus]]

+ * [[utrinsecus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sequor]]

+ * [[sexus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}