otiosus Latin · revision 30964

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=la ōtium}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [oː.tiˈoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ot.t͡siˈɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ōtiōsus''' (feminine ōtiōsa, neuter ōtiōsum, superlative ōtiōsissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|ōtium|-ōsus|t1=leisure]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)^(Etymonline) De Vaan finds no etymology for ⟨ōtium⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Ennius as its first author, in a tragedy: ''ōtiōsō in ōtiō animus nescit quid velit'', “in idle leisure the mind does not know what it wants”.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is free from business or public life, with nothing to do: Plautus asks why a man at leisure seeks news.^(OLD 2012) It is unhurried (Terence), and in Cicero leisured, of men of talent who spend whole lives in study.^(OLD 2012) It is inactive by choice, as Cicero's men who will sit idle and accept Antony's insulting favour, peaceable, undisturbed, calm (Terence: ''ōtiōsus estō'', “don't worry”), and of time free, as Caesar's year free from war.^(OLD 2012) Of things it is useless or superfluous, as Seneca's idle talk.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short set it against ''negōtiōsus''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “idle, at leisure, empty, useless”.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin uses it for “vain, futile”.^(Niermeyer 1976) English ''otiose'' (1794) comes from it.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of idle leisure.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a man at leisure.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of being calm.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of leisured study and of peaceable men.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of useless talk.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1794 – English [[m|en|otiose]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # At [[m|en|leisure]], unoccupied; leisured.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Inactive, [[m|en|idle]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Useless, superfluous, [[m|en|otiose]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # Peaceable, quiet; undisturbed, calm.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of time, land, office)'' Free, vacant.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[inotiosus]]

+ * [[ōtiōsitās]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ōtium]]

+ * [[negōtiōsus]]

+ * [[en|otiose]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}