inermis Latin · revision 30959

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *h₂er-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪˈnɛr.mɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [iˈnɛr.mis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''inermis''' (neuter inerme); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ The TLL takes the second-declension ''inermus'' to be the older form.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|in-|t=not]] and [[m|la|arma|t=weapons]] with an adjective ending.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces ⟨arma⟩ to [[itc-pro|*armo-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂(e)r-mo-|t=fitting]], from the root [[ine-pro|*h₂er-|t=to fit together]] of [[grc|ἀραρίσκω|tr=ararískō|t=to fit together]]; the sense went from “things fitted together, tools” to “weapons”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler gives Cicero as its first author.^(Köbler 2010) In the ''Pro Sestio'' men attack an unarmed and unprepared tribune with swords.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is unarmed, of people, as Caesar's soldiers attacked from the side while off guard, or Horace, from whom a wolf fled though he was unarmed;^(OLD 2012) Ovid says Jupiter would soon be without weapons if he struck every sinner.^(OLD 2012) Of parts of the body it is defenceless, as Priam stretching out unarmed hands in Virgil.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is unequipped: Cicero's men come to public life naked and unarmed, with no knowledge.^(OLD 2012) By transfer it is a girl caught without her make-up (Ovid), a calf with no horns yet (Martial), and toothless gums (Juvenal).^(OLD 2012) Of countries it is without defence (Livy), and of activities peaceful, as Propertius' song of the lyre that is no weapon.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “unarmed, defenseless”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of an unarmed tribune.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of soldiers caught unarmed.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of unarmed hands.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of undefended land.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|unarmed|alt=Unarmed]], [[m|en|defenceless]];^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''(figurative)'' unequipped.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Without horns; toothless.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of countries)'' Without military protection.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of activities)'' Peaceful, not done with weapons.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[arma]]

+ * [[armātus]]

+ * [[inermus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}