exstinguo Latin · revision 30956

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *stengʷ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛks(ː)tɪŋ.ɡʷoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eksˈstiŋ.ɡʷo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exstinguō''' (present infinitive exstinguere, perfect active exstīnxī, supine exstīnctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''extinguō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ Plautus has ''exstinxit'' for ''exstinxerit'', and Pacuvius and Virgil the shortened ''exstinxtī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|ex-|stinguō|t2=to quench]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces ⟨stinguō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*ste-n-gʷ-e/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*stengʷ-|t=to push, thrust]], cognate with [[got|𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌵𐌰𐌽|tr=stigqan|t=to thrust]]: if the root meant “to press”, ⟨exstinguō⟩ is “to press out a fire”, as [[m|la|distinguō]] is “to push apart”.^(de Vaan 2008) Ernout and Meillet, as the TLL reports, took the simple verb for a later back-formation by poets.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus, ''Asinaria'': ''lucerna sī exstīncta est'', “if the lamp has gone out”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to put out a fire or lamp, and of stars to set (Cicero's Aratus), and in Vitruvius to slake lime.^(OLD 2012) It is to kill (Terence), and in the passive to die or die out: Cicero says ''sī morbō exstīnctus essem'', “if I had died of illness”.^(OLD 2012) It is to wipe out, end a war (Plautus: ''duellō exstīnctō''), destroy a band of men, quench passions, and void what was written before.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “extinguish, quench, put out, kill, destroy”.^(Stelten 1995) English ''extinguish'' (1540s) comes from it.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a lamp and of a war ended.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of killing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of dying and of quenching passions.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius of slaking lime.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1540s – English [[m|en|extinguish]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To put out, [[m|en|extinguish]], quench; to slake (lime).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To kill;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''(passive)'' to die, become [[m|en|extinct]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To wipe out, [[m|en|annihilate]]; to end; to allay.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To make void, cancel.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exstīnctiō]]

+ * [[exstīnctor]]

+ * [[exstīnctus]]

+ * [[exstinguibilis]]

+ * [[inexstinctus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[restinguō]]

+ * [[distinguō]]

+ * [[en|extinguish]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}