galea Latin · revision 30952

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=grc γαλέη}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɡa.ɫe.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɡaː.le.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''galea''' ''f'' (genitive galeae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is probably [[bor|grc|γαλέη|tr=galéē|t=weasel, marten]], first a helmet of marten's or weasel's skin; the TLL compares [[m|grc|κυνέη|tr=kunéē|t=dog-skin cap, helmet]] and Latin [[m|la|galērus|t=cap]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) Varro derived it from ⟨galērus⟩, which he says many of the ancients wore.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it first in Plautus, who also uses [[cassis]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a soldier's helmet.^(OLD 2012) Isidore of Seville says a ''cassis'' is of metal plate, a ''galea'' of leather, and Caesar mentions the cavalry's ''cassides'' and the infantry's ''galeae''; otherwise the two words are used of the same helmet, and Virgil has ''galea'' 34 times.^(TLL) Varro mentions the plumes soldiers wore on their helmets.^(TLL) Lewis and Short describe it as usually of leather.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “helmet”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius, once.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of infantry helmets.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, often.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|helmet]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[galear]]

+ * [[galeātus]]

+ * [[galeicula]]

+ * [[galeō]]

+ * [[galeola]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[galērus]]

+ * [[cassis]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes [[cassis]], a metal helmet, ''galea'', a helmet of skin, properly of weasel skin, and [[cūdō]], a helmet of no fixed shape.^(Döderlein 1874) Medieval Latin ''galea'', a galley, is a separate word.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}