implico Latin · revision 30950

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *pleḱ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɪm.plɪ.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈim.pli.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''implicō''' (present infinitive implicāre, perfect active implicāvī, supine implicātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ The perfect is ''implicāvī'' or ''implicuī'', and the participle ''implicātus'' or ''implicitus'';^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis and Short find the forms in ''-uī'', ''-itum'' twice in Cicero and often from Augustus' time on.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ It is also spelled ''inplicō''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|in-|plicō|t2=to fold]], matching [[grc|ἐμπλέκω|tr=emplékō|t=to entwine]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)^(Etymonline) De Vaan takes ⟨plicō⟩ as a back-formation from compound verbs in ⟨-plicō⟩, which go back to [[ine-pro|*pleḱ-|t=to plait]], the root of [[m|la|plectō|t=to plait]] and [[grc|πλέκω|tr=plékō|t=to braid]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In Plautus' ''Cistellaria'' the leaf-roller grub wraps itself up in a vine leaf.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to fold or twine something about itself or another thing: Virgil's Apollo binds his flowing hair with gold, Catullus' ivy clasps a tree, and little Iulus twines himself round his father's hand.^(OLD 2012) It is to interlace, as Varro's cloth woven of many flowers, and to entangle, as Sallust's horsemen throwing a battle line into disorder.^(OLD 2012) In the passive it is to be closely bound up with someone, by age (Cicero's orator who lived long enough to meet speakers of many generations) or friendship.^(OLD 2012) It is also to involve a person in hard circumstances.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “entangle, envelop, implicate”.^(Stelten 1995) English ''imply'' (late 14th century), ''implicate'' and ''employ'' (both early 15th century) come from it, ''imply'' and ''employ'' through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a grub wrapped in a leaf.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of interlaced flowers.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of entangling a battle line.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of close association.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of entwining hair with gold.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|imply]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To fold, [[m|en|entwine]], wrap (around); to embrace.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To interlace, intertwine.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|entangle]]; to hem in.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(passive)'' To be closely connected (with).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To involve, [[m|en|implicate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[implicamentum]]

+ * [[implicātiō]]

+ * [[implicatura]]

+ * [[implicito]]

+ * [[implicātus]]

+ * [[impliciscor]]

+ * [[implicitus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[plicō]]

+ * [[plectō]]

+ * [[explicō]]

+ * [[en|imply]]

+ * [[en|employ]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}