expugno Latin · revision 30943

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la pugnō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛkˈspʊŋ.noː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ekˈspuɲ.ɲo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''expugnō''' (present infinitive expugnāre, perfect active expugnāvī, supine expugnātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Plautus has the archaic future infinitive ''expugnāssere''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|ex-|pugnō|t2=to fight]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it from Plautus on.^(TLL) In the ''Amphitruo'' ''oppidum expugnāvimus'', “we stormed the town”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to take a fortified place by storm, and to defeat troops in a strong position (Livy).^(OLD 2012) Figuratively a Plautine slave will storm his master without fleet or army.^(OLD 2012) It is to break into and plunder property (Cicero: houses will be stormed) and to force one's purpose, and of natural forces to wear down, as time destroys a city bit by bit in Seneca.^(OLD 2012) It is also to overcome a condition or resistance: Cicero speaks of storming a woman's chastity, Celsus of overcoming a shivering fit, and Horace of winning over a man himself.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “fight against, overthrow, afflict, oppress, blot out, cancel”.^(Stelten 1995) English ''expugn'' (early 15th century) comes from it through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of storming a town.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of breaking into houses.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of defeating an enemy in its camp.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus of overcoming a disease.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English [[m|en|expugn]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To take by [[m|en|storm]], capture; to defeat.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To break into, [[m|en|plunder]]; to extort, achieve.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of natural forces)'' To destroy, wear down.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To overcome, subdue; to persuade.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[expūgnābilis]]

+ * [[expugnātiō]]

+ * [[expugnātor]]

+ * [[expūgnāx]]

+ * [[inexpugnatus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pugnō]]

+ * [[oppugnō]]

+ * [[en|expugn]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}