aro Latin · revision 30941

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₂erh₃-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈa.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈaː.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''arō''' (present infinitive arāre, perfect active arāvī, supine arātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*araje/o-|t=to plough]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₂erh₃-ye/o-|t=to plough]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[cy|arddu|t=to plough]], [[grc|ἀρόω|tr=aróō|t=to plough]], [[lt|árti|t=to plough]], [[cu|орати|tr=orati|t=to plough]] and [[got|𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=arjan|t=to plough]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan gives Plautus as its first author.^(de Vaan 2008) Cato warns the farmer not to plough rotten ground: ''terram cariōsam cavē nē arēs''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to plough, and to farm land, as Cicero's tenants of public land.^(OLD 2012) ''Lītus arāre'', “to plough the shore”, is to labour in vain (Ovid), and Titinius speaks of ploughing a wax field with a bone, that is, writing.^(OLD 2012) It is to grow by ploughing, as all that the Apulian farmer harvests in Horace.^(OLD 2012) By transfer it is to furrow: Virgil's Allecto ploughs her brow with wrinkles, Martial's book ploughs paper, and Virgil's Aeneas has a vast sea to plough.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “plough”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of ploughing ground.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of farming public land.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of wrinkles and of the sea.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid: ''lītora arās'', ploughing the shore.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|plough]], till; to farm.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To grow (by ploughing).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|furrow]], wrinkle;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ''(poetic)'' to plough (the sea); to write on.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''lītus arāre'', to labour in vain.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[arābilis]]

+ * [[arātiō]]

+ * [[arātor]]

+ * [[arātrīx]]

+ * [[arātrum]]

+ * [[arvus]]

+ * [[circumarō]]

+ * [[exarō]]

+ * [[inarātus]]

+ * [[inarō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[arātiuncula]]

+ * [[arātōrius]]

+ * [[arātrō]]

+ * [[arva]]

+ * [[arvālis]]

+ * [[arvum]]

+ * [[armentum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}