perfidia Latin · revision 30937

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *bʰeydʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɛrˈfɪ.di.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [perˈfiː.di.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''perfidia''' ''f'' (genitive perfidiae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|perfidus|-ia|t1=faithless]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) The adjective is [[m|la|per-]] with [[m|la|fidēs|t=faith, trust]], as in the phrase ⟨per fidem dēcipere⟩, “to deceive through trust”.^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces ⟨fidēs⟩ to [[ine-pro|*bʰidʰ-eh₁-|t=faith]], from [[ine-pro|*bʰeydʰ-|t=to trust]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it first in Plautus: in the ''Amphitruo'' Jupiter has said that the Romans conquer by courage, not by intrigue or ''perfidia''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is faithlessness, treachery, falsehood, and in the plural acts of treachery: Cicero speaks of being deceived by it and of crime and treachery together.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) The TLL finds it much rarer than ''perfidus'', in poetry once in Catullus, three times in Propertius and four times in Ovid, and in prose from Varro on.^(TLL)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “faithlessness”.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin uses it for unbelief and heresy.^(Niermeyer 1976) English ''perfidy'' (1590s) comes from it through French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of treachery.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro, first in prose.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of deceit and crime.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1590s – English [[m|en|perfidy]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|faithlessness|alt=Faithlessness]], [[m|en|treachery]], [[m|en|perfidy]];^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''(plural)'' acts of treachery.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Unbelief, [[m|en|heresy]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[perfidiōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[perfidus]]

+ * [[fidēs]]

+ * [[en|perfidy]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}