falsum Latin · revision 30933

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la fallō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈfaɫ.sũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈfal.sum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''falsum''' ''n'' (genitive falsī); second declension^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the neuter of [[m|la|falsus|t=false]], used as a noun; ⟨falsus⟩ is the past participle of [[m|la|fallō|t=to deceive]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨fallō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*fal-s-e/o-]] and compares [[sa|स्खलते|tr=skhalate|t=stumbles]] and [[grc|σφάλλω|tr=sphállō|t=to trip up]], although the match is not regular.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus, ''Miles gloriosus'': ''sī falsa dīcēs'', “if you tell lies”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is an untruth, lie or imposture, as in Cato's speeches and Cicero's false entry in an account book, and in Vitruvius a painted illusion.^(OLD 2012) It is also what is wrongly perceived: Cicero complains less of seeing too short a way than of seeing falsely, and Tacitus has spears not thrown at random.^(OLD 2012) In law it is forgery, the fraudulent tampering with documents: Tacitus has a man convicted ''falsī'', of forgery.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of lies.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of inventions.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a false entry and of false perception.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of forgery.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An untruth, [[m|en|falsehood]], lie; a deception, illusion.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # What is wrongly perceived.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(law)'' [[m|en|forgery|alt=Forgery]], fraud.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[falsidicus]]

+ * [[falsificātus]]

+ * [[falsificus]]

+ * [[falsijūrius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[falsus]]

+ * [[fallō]]

+ * [[falsō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}