ebrius Latin · revision 30931

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=ine-pro *h₁egʷʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈeː.bri.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɛː.bri.us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ēbrius''' (feminine ēbria, neuter ēbrium); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ De Vaan derives it from [[ine-pro|*h₁egʷʰ-|t=to drink]]: it is [[inh|itc-pro|*ēxʷrio-]], from a noun “drinking”, with /gʷʰr/ becoming /br/ as in [[m|la|febris|t=fever]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The root is that of [[hit|ekuzi|t=drinks]] and [[txb|yok-|t=to drink]], and [[grc|νήφω|tr=nḗphō|t=to be sober]] is “not drink”; the long ⟨ē⟩ is unexplained, perhaps taken from a lost verb form.^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD calls it doubtful and Köbler unclear; [[m|la|sōbrius|t=sober]] is related.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler give Naevius as its first author.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) In Plautus' ''Amphitruo'' Mercury says ''adsimulābō mē esse ēbrium'', “I'll pretend to be drunk”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is drunk, sometimes set against ''ēbriōsus'', a habitual drinker, and of speech or actions drunken, as Propertius' drunken signs of flight by night; a Plautine dinner is to be a drunken one.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short note a rare older sense “sated, having had one's fill”, as in Terence.^(Lewis & Short 1879) By transfer it is like a drunk man, exhilarated or distraught, as Lucretius' man staggering under many cares, and of things soaked or swimming, as Matius' rugs drunk with dye.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “drunk, drunken”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of feigned drunkenness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence in the sense “sated”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of a man reeling under cares.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 57/46–12 BC – Propertius of drunken signs.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|drunk|alt=Drunk]], intoxicated; drunken, riotous.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Sated, full.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Exhilarated, distraught (as if drunk).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of things)'' Soaked (with).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ēbriācus]]

+ * [[ēbrietās]]

+ * [[ēbriolus]]

+ * [[ēbriōsus]]

+ * [[ēbriō]]

+ * [[sōbrius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ēbriāmen]]

+ * [[ēbriolātus]]

+ * [[ēbriōsitās]]

+ * [[inēbriō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein contrasts [[ēbrietās]], drunkenness seen in its most favourable light as exhilaration and inspiration, with [[vīnolentia]], the immoderate use of wine as a vice;^(Döderlein 1874) ''ēbrius'' is someone drunk at the moment, [[ēbriōsus]] a habitual drunkard.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}