aperte Latin · revision 30930

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₂wer-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [aˈpɛr.teː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [aˈpɛr.te]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''apertē''' (comparative apertius, superlative apertissimē)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|apertus|t=open]], the past participle of [[m|la|aperiō|t=to open]], with the adverb ending [[m|la|-ē]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨aperiō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*ap-wer-je-|t=to open]], with ⟨ap-⟩ “off” and [[ine-pro|*h₂wer-|t=to cover]], so properly “to uncover”; the root is that of [[sa|वृणोति|tr=vṛṇóti|t=covers]] and [[lt|atvérti|t=to open]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In Plautus' ''Bacchides'' gold is carried off before its owners' eyes, ''palam atque apertē'', “publicly and openly”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means without concealment, openly, and against ''occultē'' it is outward show: Cicero's false friend praises him openly and envies him in secret.^(OLD 2012) With verbs of speaking it is frankly, outspokenly (Naevius: ''apertē dīce'', “say it plainly”), and clearly or in so many words.^(OLD 2012) It is also so as to leave no doubt, manifestly, as in Cicero's “manifestly false”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “openly, plainly”, with the comparative ''apertius'' “more openly”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus in the sense “openly”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius of speaking frankly.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius of speaking clearly.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero in the sense “manifestly”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|openly|alt=Openly]], publicly; in outward show.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # [[m|en|frankly|alt=Frankly]], plainly; clearly, explicitly.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|manifestly|alt=Manifestly]], obviously.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[apertus]]

+ * [[aperiō]]

+ * [[palam]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}