simulatio Latin · revision 30929

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=190–159 BC, Terence|origins=ine-pro *sem-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''simulātiō''' ''f'' (genitive simulātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|simulō|-tiō|t1=to imitate, pretend]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) The verb comes from [[m|la|similis|t=like]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*semali-|t=alike, together]] and [[ine-pro|*smh₂-el-i-]], cognate with [[sga|samail|t=likeness]] and [[grc|ὁμαλός|tr=homalós|t=even, level]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan gives Terence as its first author.^(de Vaan 2008) In the ''Heauton Timorumenos'' a man protests ''nōn mea'st simulātiō'', “pretending is not my way”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the putting on of an appearance, pretence, and in rhetoric feigned feeling;^(OLD 2012) Cicero has a man who hid great wisdom under a show of folly.^(OLD 2012) It is also a pretext: Cicero asks whether armies are sent against the enemy or, on that pretext, against allies, and ''per simulātiōnem'' is “under pretence”.^(OLD 2012) Seneca uses it of a mirror's copying of another's colour.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short give it the further senses of insincerity and hypocrisy.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “dissimulation, pretense”.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin keeps “pretence, deception”.^(DMLBS) English ''simulation'' (mid-14th century), first “a false show”, comes from it, partly through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of pretence.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of feigned folly and of a pretext.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of copying, imitation.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-14th century – English [[m|en|simulation]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|pretence|alt=Pretence]], feigning, a false show; insincerity.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A [[m|en|pretext]];^(OLD 2012) ''per simulātiōnem'', under pretence.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Copying, [[m|en|imitation]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[simulō]]

+ * [[similis]]

+ * [[dissimulātiō]]

+ * [[en|simulation]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}