extremum Latin · revision 30927

18 Oct 2026, 23:27 by bogdan “Latin la10k batch la75j/b02” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *h₁eǵʰs}}
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''extrēmum''' ''n'' (genitive extrēmī); second declension^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is the neuter of [[extrēmus|t=outermost, last]] used as a noun.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) The adjective is formed from [[m|la|exter|t=outside]] with [[m|la|-ēmus]]; de Vaan explains it as an old superlative ⟨*ekster-isamo-⟩, which replaced the older [[m|la|extimus]], ultimately from [[m|la|ex|t=out of]] and [[ine-pro|*h₁eǵʰs|t=out]].^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler's first source is Cicero, who speaks of one and the same limit for the empire and for the world.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It is the furthest part or limit, the outside of a thing (Lucretius), the tip, and in the plural the extremities of the body, Pliny the Elder uses it of the lowest part.^(OLD 2012) It is the end of an activity or a text, defending a cause ''usque ad extrēmum'', “to the very end”, and the last part of a period, as Sallust's end of the day.^(OLD 2012) It is the highest degree, ''extrēmum malōrum'', the worst of evils, and in the plural a desperate plight, ''in extrēmīs'' is at the point of death.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ In Medieval Latin ''extrēmum'' is also an adverb, “finally”.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of the outside of a stone.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of limits, ends and extremes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of the end of the day.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 816 – A Frisian charter as an adverb, “finally”.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # The furthest part, [[m|en|limit]], edge; the outside; the tip, ''(plural)'' the [[m|en|extremity|alt=extremities]].^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ # The end (of an activity, a text, an argument); ''ad extrēmum'', to the end, finally.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ # The last part (of a period of time).^(OLD 2012)
+ # The utmost degree, ''(plural)'' desperate straits, ''in extrēmīs'', at the point of death.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ===Adverb===
+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Finally, at last.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[extrēmus]]
+ * [[exter]]
+ * [[ex]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}