floreo Latin · revision 30923

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *bʰleh₃-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈfɫoː.re.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈflɔː.re.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''flōreō''' (present infinitive flōrēre, perfect active flōruī); second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+ An inscription has the perfect ''flōrīvit''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|flōs|t=flower]] with the suffix [[m|la|-eō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan traces ⟨flōs⟩ to [[itc-pro|*flōs|t=flower]] and [[ine-pro|*bʰleh₃-ōs|t=blossoming]], cognate with [[sga|bláth|t=flower]], [[got|𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌼𐌰|tr=blōma|t=flower]] and [[goh|bluowen|t=to bloom]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan's first author is Cato, who writes of the pomegranate ''ubi flōrēbit'', “when it blooms”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to bloom or blossom, and of ground to be covered with flowers, as Virgil's field heavy with the vintage.^(OLD 2012) With an ablative it is to be bright or decked with something: Cato already says one could see the sea bloom with sails, and Cicero that the houses of lawyers flourished with famous pupils.^(OLD 2012) Of wine it is to grow a film of mould, of a young man's cheeks to be covered with the first down, and Gellius uses it of a mind elated with wine.^(OLD 2012) Above all it is to prosper or flourish, of persons, cities and arts, to be in the flower of youth (Virgil's ''flōrentēs aetātibus''), and to be at the height of one's powers, Cicero uses it of orators who were active in Cato's lifetime.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “flower, bloom, flourish, prosper”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of the pomegranate in bloom and of a sea in bloom with sails.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of people and arts that flourish.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of fields and of youth in flower.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of wine growing a film.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|bloom]], [[m|en|blossom]], flower; to be covered with flowers.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To be bright, shine (with); to be richly adorned (with).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of wine)'' To grow a film on the surface, ''(of cheeks)'' to grow the first down.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|flourish]], prosper; to be in the flower of youth; to be at the height of one's powers.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dēflōreō]]

+ * [[efflōreō]]

+ * [[flōrēscō]]

+ * [[flōridus]]

+ * [[flōritiō]]

+ * [[praeflōreō]]

+ * [[reflōreō]]

+ * [[flōrēns]]

+ * [[flōrenter]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[flōs]]

+ * [[Flōra]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}