pravus Latin · revision 30914

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈpraː.wʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈpraː.vus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prāvus''' (feminine prāva, neuter prāvum, comparative prāvior, superlative prāvissimus, adverb prāvē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ De Vaan finds no etymology for it.^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary traces it to [[itc-pro|*prāwos]], also behind the Faliscan first name ⟨prauios⟩.^(Wiktionary) The OLD reconstructs ⟨*pra-uos⟩ and compares [[m|la|prātum|t=meadow]], and Köbler cites Pokorny's [[ine-pro|*prā-|t=to bend]].^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan gives Plautus as its first author.^(de Vaan 2008) In the ''Bacchides'' a tutor tells a slave that without him he would have kept his pupil upright, but now Pistoclerus has become ''prāvus'', corrupt.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its literal sense is crooked or awry, as Lucretius' crooked ruler, and of the body twisted or deformed, opposed to [[rēctus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Most often it is morally crooked, corrupt or depraved, and in a weaker sense wrong-headed, as a misguided generosity in the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium''.^(OLD 2012) Of actions and opinions it is faulty or wrong (Terence), of persons incompetent, as Livy's king who was no bad general, and of things vitiated.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “evil, perverse, crooked, deformed”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a corrupted youth.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of a faulty reason.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of a crooked ruler.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|crooked|alt=Crooked]], awry, ''(of the body)'' [[m|en|deform|alt=deformed]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Corrupt, [[m|en|depraved]], wicked; perverse, misguided.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Faulty, wrong, ''(of persons)'' incompetent, bad.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dēprāvō]]

+ * [[prāvē]]

+ * [[prāvitās]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[rēctus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}