comprimo Latin · revision 30910

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la con-, ine-pro *pres-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈkɔm.prɪ.moː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈkɔm.pri.mo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''comprimō''' (present infinitive comprimere, perfect active compressī, supine compressum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''conprimō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|con-|premō|t1=together|t2=to press]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|premō]] to [[itc-pro|*pres-]] and [[ine-pro|*pr-es-|t=to press]]; the present stem ⟨prem-⟩ was remade after [[m|la|tremō|t=to tremble]], while the perfect ⟨pressī⟩ keeps the old stem.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus, ''Aulularia'': a young man confesses that, drunk, he lay with (''compressisse'') the girl.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) Ennius, of the same period, has it of pressing the knees tight.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to press hard or crush, to squeeze or constrict, and of a man to have intercourse with a woman, often by force.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It is to press parts of the body together: ''comprimere dentēs'' in Plautus, ''comprimere manūs'' to fold the hands, and to close another's eyes in death (Ovid).^(OLD 2012) It is to pack closely, as Lucretius' wind crowding clouds into one place, to close up ranks or a channel, and in medicine to bind the bowels (Celsus).^(OLD 2012) It is to hold back supplies, as Cicero's grain locked up and withheld, and to suppress news: Livy's generals at first kept quiet the capture of Carthage.^(OLD 2012) Of persons it is to curb, subdue or restrain, as Cicero says Lentulus' punishment cowed a man.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “restrain, suppress, squeeze, keep down, press together”.^(Stelten 1995) English ''compress'' (late 14th century) goes back to it through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of intercourse and of clenching the teeth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of crowding clouds together.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of withholding grain and of curbing persons.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of suppressing news.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|compress]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To press hard, [[m|en|compress]], squeeze; to hem in.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(of a man)'' To have intercourse with; to [[m|en|violate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To press together, close (the lips, teeth, eyes); ''comprimere manūs'', to fold the hands.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To pack closely; to close up (ranks, a channel); ''(medicine)'' to bind (the bowels).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To hold back (supplies); to [[m|en|suppress]] (news, evidence).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|curb]], subdue, restrain.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[compressiō]]

+ * [[compressor]]

+ * [[compressus]]

+ * [[compressō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[premō]]

+ * [[opprimō]]

+ * [[exprimō]]

+ * [[en|compress]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}