pango Latin · revision 3091

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *peh₂ǵ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpaŋ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpaŋ.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pangō''' (present infinitive pangere, perfect active pepigī or pānxī or pēgī, supine pānctum or pā̆ctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Beside the perfect ''pepigī'' there are ''pēgī'' (Pacuvius, Cicero) and ''panxī'' (Ennius, Columella).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*pang-|t=to attach]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ph₂-n-ǵ-|t=to attach, fasten]], a nasal present of the root [[m|ine-pro|*peh₂ǵ-|t=to fasten]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Nouns from the full grade *pāg- include [[pagus|alt=pāgus]] “district”, [[pagina|alt=pāgina]] “page” and [[palus|alt=pālus]] “stake”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Cognate with [[grc|πήγνυμι|tr=pḗgnumi|t=to fix, fasten]] and [[sa|पज्र|tr=pajrá-|t=firm, solid]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Naevius onwards.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) In Pacuvius a character says, “I drove a stake into the shore”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to fix by driving in, as the nail that the chief magistrate drove in on the Ides of September in Livy, and to plant, as in Varro and Columella.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ From fixing came settling by agreement: to conclude a pact or marriage, as in Catullus, to stipulate for something, as Plautus' slave “whom I bargained for”, and to undertake to give.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to compose verse, as Cicero asks a friend whether he is writing “something Sophoclean”.^(OLD 2012) English ''pact'' comes from its participle ''pactum'', ''page'' from ''pagina'', and ''propagate'' from ''propagare''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses the perfect ''panxit''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius uses it for driving in a stake.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it for bargaining.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it for marriage contracts.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it for composing poetry.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''pact'' is first recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To fix, drive in.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|plant]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To conclude (a pact, agreement).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To stipulate, bargain for.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To undertake (to give).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To compose (poetry).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dēpangō]]

+ * [[dispangō]]

+ * [[oppangō]]

+ * [[pāctilis]]

+ * [[pāgātim]]

+ * [[pāgina]]

+ * [[pagmentum]]

+ * [[pāgus]]

+ * [[prō̆pāgō]]

+ * [[repangō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[compāgēs]]

+ * [[pālus]]

+ * [[pignus]]

+ * [[prōpāgēs]]

+ * [[repāgēs]]

+ * [[repāgula]]

+ * [[pāx]]

+ * [[en|pact]]

+ * [[en|page]]

+ * [[en|propagate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}