quintus Latin · revision 30908

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *penkʷtós}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈkʷiːn.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈkʷin.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''quīntus''' (feminine quīnta, neuter quīntum); first/second-declension numeral^(Wiktionary)

+ Plautus has the older form ''quīnctus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*kʷenkʷto-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*penkʷtós|t=fifth]], from [[ine-pro|*pénkʷe|t=five]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan explains the Latin form from ⟨*kʷinkto-⟩: the ⟨k⟩ became a spirant, the vowel was lengthened before it, and the spirant was lost, giving ⟨quīntus⟩; the long ⟨ī⟩ then spread to the cardinal [[m|la|quīnque|t=five]].^(de Vaan 2008) The older form ⟨quīnctus⟩ survives in the name ⟨Quīnctius⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cognate with [[osc|pomtis|t=five times]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus, ''Persa'': if treachery and embezzlement are banished from the city, then “fourth envy, fifth ambition” (''quīnta ambitiō'').^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the fifth, often by inclusive reckoning where we would say the fourth.^(OLD 2012) Cicero uses ''quīntum genus'' of Aristotle's fifth element, from which the stars and minds are made, and Virgil ''quīnta'' (day) of the unlucky fifth of the month.^(OLD 2012) Varro's ''cum quīntō'' is a fivefold yield, and ''quīnta pars'' is a fifth part, as in Cato, also as a share taken in tax.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “fifth”.^(Stelten 1995) As a first name, ''Quīntus'', usually written ''Q.'', was given to a fifth-born son.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) English ''quint'' (mid-15th century), a tax of one fifth, comes from it through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of a fifth part.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the fifth element.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of the fifth day.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-15th century – English [[m|en|quint]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Numeral===

+ # [[m|en|fifth|alt=Fifth]], ''quīntum genus'', the fifth element.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(with ''diēs'' or ''hōra'' understood)'' The fifth day or hour.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''quīnta pars'': a fifth part, ''cum quīntō'', fivefold.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[quinta]]

+ * [[quintānus]]

+ * [[quinticeps]]

+ * [[superquintus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quīnque]]

+ * [[Quīntus]]

+ * [[quīntāna]]

+ * [[en|quint]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}