tumidus Latin · revision 30906

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *tum-eh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈtʊ.mɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈtuː.mi.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tumidus''' (feminine tumida, neuter tumidum, adverb tumidē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|tumeō|-idus|t1=to swell]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces [[m|la|tumeō]] to [[itc-pro|*tum-ē-]] and [[ine-pro|*tum-eh₁-|t=to be swelling]], cognate with [[wlm|tyfu|t=to grow]] and [[lt|tumėti|t=to become thick]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero, ''Tusculan Disputations'': is not any limb that is ''tumidum ac turgidum'', swollen and distended, in a bad state?^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is swollen or distended, of limbs, sails filled by the wind, and udders full to bursting; of shapes it is rounded or bulging, and of seas and rivers swollen by rain or storm, as Virgil's Neptune calming the swollen waters.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is inflamed with anger or passion, puffed up with pride, as Horace's swelling threats of kings, and of style high-flown and bombastic: Horace's angry Chremes ranting ''tumidō ōre''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “tumid, swollen, puffed up, elated, inflated, haughty”.^(Stelten 1995) English ''tumid'' (1540s) comes from it.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a swollen limb.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of the swollen sea.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of pride and of bombast.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1540s – English [[m|en|tumid]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|swollen|alt=Swollen]], distended; bulging.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(of water)'' Swollen, rising high.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Inflamed (with anger or passion).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Puffed up, [[m|en|arrogant]], haughty.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(of style)'' High-flown, [[m|en|bombastic]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[praetumidus]]

+ * [[prōtumidus]]

+ * [[tumiditās]]

+ * [[tumidōsus]]

+ * [[tumidulus]]

+ * [[tumidē]]

+ * [[tumidō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tumeō]]

+ * [[tumor]]

+ * [[tumulus]]

+ * [[en|tumid]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}