quivis Latin · revision 30904

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la quī, la volō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈkʷiː.wiːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈkʷiː.vis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''quīvīs''' (feminine quaevīs, neuter quidvīs); relative pronoun (with m optionally → n in compounds) with an indeclinable portion^(Wiktionary)

+ Terence has an old ablative ''quīvīs''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ The neuter is ''quodvīs'' as an adjective and ''quidvīs'' as a pronoun.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|quī|t=who, which]] and [[m|la|vīs|t=you wish]], the second person of [[m|la|volō|t=to want]]: “whom you will”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The parts can still stand apart in Cato: ⟨quod genus vīs⟩, “of any kind you like”.^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan reports Meiser's derivation of ⟨vīs⟩ from a root ⟨*weiH-⟩, “strive after”, beside Cowgill's from ⟨*wel-s⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus, ''Amphitruo'': ''hoc quoivīs mīrārī licet'', “anyone may wonder at this”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As a pronoun it is anyone you please, no matter who, also with ''ūnus'' and with a partitive genitive (Plautus: Jupiter fears trouble no less than any of you); the neuter ''quidvīs'' is anything at all, as Plautus' ''nunc licet mī līberē quidvīs loquī'', “now I may say anything freely”.^(OLD 2012) As an adjective it is any whatever, and ''cuiusvīs modī'' is “of any kind”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “whosoever you will, anyone at all” and the adjective “any you please”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of anyone and anything.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence: ''quidvīs oneris impōne'', “lay any burden on me”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Pronoun===

+ # [[m|en|anyone|alt=Anyone]] you please, whoever you will.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(neuter quidvīs)'' Anything at all, whatever you please.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ===Determiner===

+ # Any you please, any whatever, ''cuiusvīs modī'', of any kind.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quī]]

+ * [[volō]]

+ * [[quīlibet]]

+ * [[quisque]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein sets it beside [[quisque]], “each”, and [[quīlibet]]: ''quīvīs'' is any individual you choose, without exception and with emphasis, ''quīlibet'' any whatever, chosen with indifference.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}