tendo Latin · revision 3090

15 Oct 2026, 19:30 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ten-}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtɛn.doː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtɛn.do]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''tendō''' (present infinitive tendere, perfect active tetendī, supine tentum or tēnsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*tend-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ten-d(ʰ)-|t=to stretch]], a present formed from the root [[m|ine-pro|*ten-|t=to stretch]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The same root gave Latin a second present, [[teneo|alt=teneō]], and the two share the participle [[m|la|tentus]].^(de Vaan 2008)
+ 
+ Cognate with [[grc|τείνω|tr=teínō|t=to stretch]] and [[sa|तनोति|tr=tanóti|t=stretches]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ It is found from Plautus onwards.^(de Vaan 2008) Ennius writes “weeping, I stretched out my hands to the blue regions of the sky”.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to [[m|en|stretch]] out or hold out, as hands in prayer, and to extend.^(OLD 2012) Tents were stretched, as Caesar's general's tent, and nets and snares were spread, as in Terence and Cicero.^(OLD 2012) It meant to pull tight, as reins or a bow, and to distend, as full udders.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ 
+ It also meant to direct one's steps or course, and used alone to head somewhere, as Cicero wonders whether to make for Venusia.^(OLD 2012) Paths and lands extended, and processes moved on.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it meant to insist, to strain against an opponent, as Catiline fighting hard in Sallust, and to aim at something.^(OLD 2012) It survives as French ''tendre'', Italian ''tendere'', Spanish and Portuguese ''tender'' and Romanian ''tinde''.^(Wiktionary) English ''tend'', ''tent'' and ''tense'' come from it.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it for stretching out hands.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it for spreading a net.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it for pitching a tent.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it for heading somewhere.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 1300 – English ''tent'' is first recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ * early 14th century – English ''tend'' is first recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To [[m|en|stretch]] out, hold out; to extend.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # To pitch (a tent).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # To spread (a net).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To pull tight; to bend (a bow).^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ # To distend.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To direct (one's course); to make one's way.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # To extend, reach.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # To insist; to strive, contend.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # To aim (at).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[attendō]]
+ * [[circumtendō]]
+ * [[contendō]]
+ * [[dētendō]]
+ * [[distendō]]
+ * [[extendō]]
+ * [[extentō]]
+ * [[intendō]]
+ * [[obtendō]]
+ * [[ostendō]]
+ * [[pertendō]]
+ * [[portendō]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[tendicula]]
+ * [[tendor]]
+ * [[tēnsiō]]
+ * [[tēnsūra]]
+ * [[tenta]]
+ * [[tentipellium]]
+ * [[tento]]
+ * [[teneō]]
+ * [[en|tend]]
+ * [[en|tent]]
+ * [[en|tense]]
+ * [[en|attention]]
+ 
+ ==Usage notes==
+ A Medieval Latin noun ''tendō'', ''tendinis'', “tendon”, was borrowed from [[grc|τένων|tr=ténōn|t=sinew]] and spelled after the verb; it gave English ''tendon''.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}