pauper Latin · revision 3089

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited, compound|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *peh₂w-, ine-pro *perh₃-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpau̯.pɛr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpaːu̯.per]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pauper''' (genitive pauperis, comparative pauperior, superlative pauperrimus); third-declension one-termination adjective (non-i-stem)^(Wiktionary)

+ An old feminine ''paupera'' is used by Plautus.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*pau(o)-pa/oro-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*peh₂u-(o-)p(o)rh₃-o-|t=providing little]], a compound whose first part is found in [[paucus]] “few” and [[parvus]] “small”, and whose second is related to [[pario|alt=pariō]] “to produce, acquire”: one who gets little.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Georges 1913) It was first a second-declension adjective and moved to the third, probably after its opposite [[dives|alt=dīves]] “rich”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) whose miser tells a rich neighbour, “I am a poor man, the poorest of all”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant [[m|en|poor]], not wealthy, of someone with modest means rather than none.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) It described things belonging to the poor, as Virgil's ''pauper domus'', and with a genitive “poor in”, as Horace's Daunus “poor in water”.^(OLD 2012) Of land and resources it meant meagre, as Virgil's ''pauper agellus'' “poor little field”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ As a noun it meant a poor man, as in Ovid,^(Köbler 2010) and Medieval Latin also used it for a monk.^(Köbler 2010) It survives as Italian ''povero'', French ''pauvre'' and Spanish and Portuguese ''pobre''.^(Wiktionary) English ''poor'' came from Old French about 1200, and ''pauper'' was taken from Latin in the 1510s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it for a poor man.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a poor house and a poor field.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it with a genitive, “poor in water”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''poor'' is first recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1510s – English ''pauper'' is first recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|Poor]], not wealthy.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of the poor, humble.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(with genitive)'' Poor (in).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of land, resources)'' Meagre, unproductive.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A poor man.^(Köbler 2010)^(DMLBS)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A monk.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[compauper]]

+ * [[pauperculus]]

+ * [[pauperiēs]]

+ * [[pauperō]]

+ * [[paupertās]]

+ * [[paupertīnus]]

+ * [[perpauper]]

+ * [[pauperium]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[parvus]]

+ * [[paucus]]

+ * [[dīves]]

+ * [[en|poor]]

+ * [[en|pauper]]

+ * [[en|poverty]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}