purpureus Latin · revision 30882

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=280/260–before 200 BC, Livius Andronicus|origins=grc πορφύρεος}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pʊrˈpʊ.re.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [purˈpuː.re.us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''purpureus''' (feminine purpurea, neuter purpureum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ Lucretius has the old genitive ''purpureāī''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|πορφύρεος|tr=porphúreos|t=purple]], adapted to Latin, Wiktionary allows that it may instead be formed from [[m|la|purpura|t=purple dye]] with [[m|la|-eus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)^(Wiktionary) The Greek word belongs to [[m|grc|πορφύρα|tr=porphúra|t=purple fish, purple dye]], whose further origin is unclear.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first author is Livius Andronicus, in his ''Odyssey'': ''vestis pulla purpurea ampla'', a dark, purple, ample garment.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is purple or crimson, of cloth dyed with the shellfish dye, and of people dressed in purple, as Horace's purple-clad tyrants.^(OLD 2012) Of things it covers many shades of red and violet: grapes (Lucilius), fresh blood, as Virgil's sword red with much killing, and varieties of grape, pear and plum.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) With the stress on sheen it is rosy or glowing, of dawn and light and of a youthful face, as Catullus' Acme kissing her boy's eyes with her rosy mouth.^(OLD 2012) Like Homer's ⟨πορφύρεος⟩ it is an epithet of the stirred-up sea in Virgil, and Naevius uses ''Purpureus'' as the name of a giant.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “purple”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus of a purple garment.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius of the giant Purpureus.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius of purple grapes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus of a rosy mouth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of the sea and of blood.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|purple|alt=Purple]], [[m|en|crimson]] (dyed with purple); clad in purple.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Red, dark red, violet (of natural things, blood).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Rosy, glowing, bright.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of the sea)'' Dark, surging.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[purpura]]

+ * [[purpurātus]]

+ * [[purpurō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}