detrimentum Latin · revision 30881

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=190–159 BC, Terence|origins=la dē-, ine-pro *terh₁-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dētrīmentum''' ''n'' (genitive dētrīmentī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|dēterō|t=to rub away, wear down]] with the suffix [[m|la|-mentum]]: “a rubbing off”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Etymonline) The verb is [[m|la|dē-]] with [[m|la|terō|t=to rub]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*tera-]] and [[ine-pro|*terh₁-|t=to rub]], cognate with [[grc|τείρω|tr=teírō|t=to wear out, distress]].^(Köbler 2010)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Terence.^(Köbler 2010) In the ''Hecyra'': ''dē tē peccandō dētrīmentī nīl fierī potest'', “no harm can come from your doing wrong”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its literal sense, a rubbing off, survives in Apuleius, of a file.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is a reduction, as Seneca's earth that does not feel the loss of the rivers flowing out, and a lessening of size or value.^(OLD 2012) Above all it is harm, damage or loss, a money loss (Lucilius), and in war a reverse or defeat, which Caesar's soldiers want to make good.^(OLD 2012) The formula of the senate's emergency decree was ''videant cōnsulēs nē quid rēs pūblica dētrīmentī capiat'', “let the consuls see that the state comes to no harm”.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “loss, detriment, damage”.^(Stelten 1995) English ''detriment'' (early 15th century) comes from it, directly or through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of harm.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius of a money loss.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of a military reverse.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English [[m|en|detriment]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A rubbing off; a reduction, lessening.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+ # Harm, [[m|en|damage]], [[m|en|loss]], [[m|en|detriment]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A military reverse, [[m|en|defeat]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dētrīmentōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dēterō]]

+ * [[terō]]

+ * [[en|detriment]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes [[damnum]], a loss one causes oneself, opposed to [[lucrum]], from ''dētrīmentum'', a loss one suffers, opposed to [[ēmolumentum]], and [[iactūra]], a loss accepted to escape a greater one; so ''damnum'' could never replace ''dētrīmentum'' in the emergency formula.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}