peccatum Latin · revision 30880

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la peccō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɛkˈkaː.tũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [pekˈkaː.tum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''peccātum''' ''n'' (genitive peccātī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the neuter past participle of [[m|la|peccō|t=to err, do wrong]] used as a noun.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) The origin of the verb is uncertain: Walde–Hofmann and Ernout–Meillet proposed ⟨*ped-ko-⟩, “stumbling with the foot”, which de Vaan finds unconvincing, and Leumann a ⟨*pet-ko-⟩, “a fall”, from the root of falling, better in meaning but odd in form.^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan also mentions [[xum|pesetom]], an act that spoils a rite.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus, ''Amphitruo'': ''ōrant ignōscāmus peccātum suom'', “they beg us to forgive their offence”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is an error or mistake, as Varro's two kinds of error in declension, and a moral fault or lapse, Terence speaks of bearing punishment for one's faults.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Christian Latin it is sin, its usual sense in the Church and the Middle Ages.^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of an offence to be forgiven.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of faults punished.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of grammatical errors.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An [[m|en|error]], [[m|en|mistake]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A fault, offence, [[m|en|transgression]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' [[m|en|sin|alt=Sin]].^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[peccō]]

+ * [[dēlictum]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein counts [[dēlictum]] and ''peccātum'' as lighter offences: ''dēlictum'' a breach of positive law from carelessness, ''peccātum'' rather an offence against nature and reason from want of judgement.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}