foras Latin · revision 30877

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=ine-pro *dʰwṓr}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈfɔ.raːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈfɔː.ras]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''forās''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+ Inscriptions have ''farās''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the accusative plural of an old noun ⟨*forā⟩, “door”, so first “to the doors”; [[m|la|forīs|t=outside]] is the locative.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan traces it to [[itc-pro|*forā-]] and the root noun [[ine-pro|*dʰwṓr|t=door]], also in [[m|la|forēs|t=doors]]; cognate with [[grc|θύρα|tr=thúra|t=door]], [[got|𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂|tr=daur|t=gate]], [[sga|dorus|t=door]] and [[lt|durys|t=door]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan's first author is Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008) In a tragedy of Ennius, Hector leads his armed men out (''ēdūcit forās'').^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ With verbs of motion it is out of doors, outside a house, as Plautus' old woman pushed out so that she will not know, and outside a city or camp.^(OLD 2012) It is away from home, as invited out to dinner, into other people's hands (Plautus: I lend your cloak to nobody), and to public knowledge: Terence's ''ēlātum forās'', “made known”.^(OLD 2012) In general it is forth or outwards, as Ennius' light breaking out, Petronius uses it without motion, “outside”, and Apuleius as a preposition, “out of”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “out of doors, out, in public, forth, outside”.^(Stelten 1995) In Medieval Latin it is “outside” without motion and a preposition with the accusative.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of going out of a house.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence in the sense “to public knowledge”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 66 AD – Petronius in the sense “outside”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Out of doors, [[m|en|outside]] (with verbs of motion).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Away from home; into the hands of outsiders; to public knowledge.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Forth, [[m|en|outward|alt=outwards]], ''(later)'' outside.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ===Preposition===

+ # ''(Late and Medieval Latin)'' Out of, outside.^(OLD 2012)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[forīs]]

+ * [[forēs]]

+ * [[forum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}