procurator Latin · revision 30876

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=la prō, la cūra}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [proː.kuːˈraː.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [pro.kuˈraː.tor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prōcūrātor''' ''m'' (genitive prōcūrātōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Ovid scans the first syllable short, ''prŏcūrātor''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|prōcūrō|-tor|t1=to take care of, manage]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) The verb is [[m|la|prō|t=for]] with [[m|la|cūrō|t=to care for]], from [[m|la|cūra|t=care]], which de Vaan derives, uncertainly, from [[itc-pro|*kʷoisā-]].^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Cicero.^(Köbler 2010) Varro and Cicero use it of a steward who runs an estate.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a person put in charge of property or business, a manager or steward, and especially the agent of a landed estate: Cicero distinguishes giving instructions to the ''prōcūrātor'' from giving orders to the bailiff.^(OLD 2012) It is someone who acts for an absent owner, and in law an attorney acting in court for another (Gaius).^(OLD 2012) Under the Empire it was the title of various officials, often knights or freedmen: the financial administrator of a province, whom Tacitus' Britons say rages against their goods as the legate against their lives, the governor of a minor province, and the head of a department, as Frontinus' procurator of the water supply.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “steward, agent, manager, administrator, proxy”, and in canon law a proxy who carries on legal business for another by mandate.^(Stelten 1995) In Medieval Latin it is an officer of the fisc, a manorial officer, a steward and an attorney.^(Niermeyer 1976) English ''procurator'' (c. 1300) first meant the steward of a household, and its contraction ''proctor'' dates from the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of an estate steward.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a land agent and of an agent for the absent.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of imperial procurators.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English [[m|en|procurator]].^(Etymonline)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|proctor]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A manager, [[m|en|steward]], estate agent.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # An agent acting for an absent principal; an [[m|en|attorney]], proxy.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Imperial)'' A [[m|en|procurator]]: a financial administrator of a province; the governor of a minor province; the head of a department.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' An officer of the fisc; a manorial officer.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[subprōcūrātor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[prōcūrō]]

+ * [[cūra]]

+ * [[en|procurator]]

+ * [[en|proctor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}